dreadd agonist compound 21  (Tocris)

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Dentate gyrus network regulation by somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons differentially impacts spatial memory processing

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115067

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of SST+ interneuron activation across different stages of spatial memory processing (A) Male and female SST-CRE mice ( n = 9 animals/group for encoding and consolidation; n = 14–15 animals/group for retrieval) are transduced to express Cre-dependent hM3Dq-mCitrine or EGFP (control) in DG. Beginning four weeks after viral transduction, SST+ interneurons were activated separately either during OLM encoding, consolidation, or retrieval, with two weeks of rest between OLM trials, which ended with a final trial in which vehicle is administered prior to encoding. (B) Timing of compound 21 (C21) administration relative to OLM encoding, consolidation, or retrieval. Mouse interaction with the moved vs. unmoved object is quantified to generate the OLM discrimination index (DI). (C–E) Discrimination index scores for encoding (C), consolidation (D), and retrieval (E) sessions in mice expressing EGFP or hM3Dq in SST+ interneurons. two-way ANOVA (Phase × AAV) revealed a significant main effect of AAV (F(1,58) = 7.40, p = 0.0086), indicating that the chemogenetic activation of SST+ interneurons influences DI performance independent of behavioral phase. Neither the main effect of Phase (F(2,58) = 1.69, p = 0.1936) nor the Phase × AAV interaction reached significance (F(2,58) = 2.41, p = 0.0985), though the interaction showed a trend. Closer inspection of the data showed the largest effects of SST+ interneuron activation on OLM encoding ( p = 0.0047, Tukey’s test) and retrieval ( p = 0.046, Tukey’s test), but had no effect on consolidation ( p = 0.8804). (F) Vehicle administration did not affect OLM encoding ( p = 0.755, n = 8–9 animals/group). For all panels, # p < 0.1, ∗ p < 0.05. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: DREADD agonist compound 21 , Tocris , 5548.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Control, Transduction, Expressing

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Genetic identification of mouse trigeminal afferents responsible for mechanical allodynia

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116803

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Design of the experiment. CNO, clozapine-N-oxide (150 mg/kg); IP, intraperitoneal; V2, maxillary area; V, von Frey test. (B) The effects of chemogenetic silencing of brushing-activated TRAPed trigeminal ganglia (BA TG) neurons on punctate allodynia. t(6.3) = 6.07; * p < 0.05 in Dunnett post hoc test following two-way ANOVA. (C) In a separate cohort of mice, tamoxifen was administered but face brushing was not performed. CNO at 24 days did not produce analgesia. (D) Design of the experiment. W, nocifensive face wiping behaviors; C21, compound 21 (non-hydrolyzable analogue of clozapine-N-oxide; 1 mmol in 20 mL); V2, maxillary area. (E) Face wiping behaviors were quantified for 20 min following the injection of saline or C21 to V2 skin. t(34) = 2.8, * p < 0.05 in Sidak post hoc testing following two-way ANOVA. n = 5 in mCherry and 6 in hM3Dq. In (B), (C), and (E), the error bars indicate SEM.

Article Snippet: Compound 21 dihydrochloride (C21) , Hello Bio , HB6124.

Techniques: Injection, Saline